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Strokes in dogs are less common than in people, but they are being diagnosed more often thanks to MRI scanning. They can be difficult to spot, so here are 5 signs your dog might be having one.

A stroke occurs when there is disruption to the blood flow to the brain. If you suspect your pet is having a stroke, get them to the vet immediately.

Two types of stroke

As with humans, a stroke can result from a clot or a bleed.

  • Ischaemic dog strokes are caused by a sudden lack of blood supply to the brain.
  • Haemorrhagic dog strokes are caused by bleeding within the brain.

Here are the five main symptoms to look out for if you think your dog is having a stroke.

Number One

You may be alerted to the fact your dog has suffered a stroke because he shows warning signs when he walks. Since strokes affect the brain, they impair your pet’s ability to remain upright. Therefore, if your dog suffers a sudden loss of balance, is unable to stand, leans or falls to one side, develops a sudden head tilt, seems weak on one side of their body, or seeks to lean on you, then contact your vet immediately.

Number Two

A stroke can also cause your pet to lose control of their body. Signs may include:

  • Vomiting or retching (often linked to dizziness and loss of balance)
  • Loss of bladder or bowel control
  • Collapse
  • Seizures (fits)

However, some of these symptoms are also consistent with canine stomach upsets. Therefore, it is essential to differentiate between a case of upset stomach and a stroke. With a stroke, the duration and intensity of symptoms are far greater than those of a stomach upset. For example, with a stroke your dog might constantly dry heave (attempt to vomit, without bringing anything up) and seem unable to stop.

Number Three

Extreme tiredness can be a symptom of stroke in dogs. Therefore, if your dog suddenly seems to fall asleep, it could actually be loss of consciousness due to a stroke. If your dog doesn’t wake when you try to rouse it, then contact your vet immediately.

Number Four

In the case of a stroke, your pet’s brain sends incorrect signals to their body. For example, your pet may not be able to respond to your spoken directions. Instead, they may move in a directionless fashion and seem to be walking in circles. They may appear as though they are drunk and be unable to walk in a straight line.

Number Five

Strokes can affect how your pet controls their eyes. Look out for abnormal eye movements such as your dog’s eyes constantly rotating or darting from side to side. Furthermore, one eye may stay still while the other moves, or both your pet’s eyes may look as though they are focusing on two different spots. Your dog may also suddenly seem unable to see and start bumping into things. If you notice any of these changes to their eyes or vision, contact your vet immediately.

Is it a stroke or vestibular disease?

Many of these signs – particularly a head tilt, loss of balance, circling and flickering eyes – are also seen with vestibular disease. This is a common condition in older dogs that affects their balance system, and it is often mistaken for a stroke. Only your vet can tell the two apart, so always seek veterinary advice straight away.

Possible underlying medical conditions that can lead to your pet suffering a stroke

  • Undetected blood clots
  • Clotting disorders
  • Ruptured blood vessels or aneurysms
  • Tumours
  • Cushing’s disease – (hyperadrenocorticism – a condition where the body overproduces the steroid hormone cortisol. It’s a relatively common condition in middle aged and older dogs, usually caused by a benign tumour on the pituitary gland).
  • Hypertension – high blood pressure
  • Kidney disease
  • Diabetes
  • Heart disease
  • Cancer
  • Exposure to certain toxins such as rat poison

Identifying the cause of the stroke

Your vet will carry out a neurological examination and may recommend an MRI or CT scan to confirm whether your dog has had a stroke. There is no specific treatment to repair damage to your pet’s brain following a stroke. However, your vet will try to identify a possible cause to prevent further strokes. Some pets make a full recovery from their stroke, others may suffer permanent damage. Physiotherapy can be helpful in their rehabilitation.

Correct treatment can resolve the cause of strokes

The correct treatment can target the cause of the stroke. For example, if your pet’s stroke was caused by hypertension then your vet would prescribe high blood pressure medication to reduce the likelihood of further strokes. If a clot caused the stroke, your vet may prescribe medication, such as antiplatelet drugs, to reduce the risk of further clots.

Are strokes in dogs preventable?

Many strokes are preventable, as they are closely associated with underlying diseases. Regular check-ups with the vet can address potential causes and reduce the likelihood of your pet experiencing a stroke.

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About us

Written by Emma Hammett for First Aid for Life.

Award-winning first aid training tailored to your needs.

It is strongly advised that you attend a practical First Aid for Pets course or take our online course to understand what to do in a medical emergency. Please visit www.firstaidforlife.org.uk, www.firstaidforpets.net or call 0208 675 4036.

First Aid for Life is a multi award-winning, fully regulated first aid training provider. Our trainers are highly experienced medical, health and emergency services professionals. They will tailor the training to your needs. Courses for groups or individuals at our venue or yours.

First Aid for Pets provides this information for guidance. It is not in any way a substitute for veterinary advice. The author does not accept any liability or responsibility for any inaccuracies or for any mistreatment or misdiagnosis of any person or animal, however caused.